Life summary: Born the son of a soldier, he apprenticed to an engraver at a young age. He abandoned his position to join a traveling group of actors. Gillray found income in his artistic talent after receiving an education at the Royal Academy. He worked with the printer Hannah Humphries in order to sell his etchings. In later life he lost eyesight, became depressed, and drank heavily. He died, possibly from drinking, in 1815.
Major Works: Farmer George and his Wife, A Connoisseur Examining a Cooper
Social Context: Gillray had the unique ability to study art and comment on society in the form of visual representation. While educated, he was not a member of the aristocracy. His close relationship with his print seller, Hannah Humphries, insured a successful career, though his need for income helped.
18th Century Lit. Importance: Gillray's caricatures left a lasting impression on English society. They sold out of the printer's shop, making Humphries a top seller in London. The caricatures often misrepresented famous figures in English culture, twisting bodies and making them seem almost inhuman. Gillray's contributions to etching helped to shape generations of artists to come.